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Tag：JAVA 高并发
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Kafka权威指南.[美]Neha Narkhede(详细书签)
封面
译者介绍
书名
版权
目录
序
前言
第1章 初识Kafka
1.1 发布与订阅消息系统
1.1.1 如何开始
1.1.2 独立的队列系统
1.2 Kafka登场
1.2.1 消息和批次
1.2.2 模式
1.2.3 主题和分区
1.2.4 生产者和消费者
1.2.5 broker和集群
1.2.6 多集群
1.3 为什么选择Kafka
1.3.1 多个生产者
1.3.2 多个消费者
1.3.3 基于磁盘的数据存储
1.3.4 伸缩性
1.3.5 高性能
1.4 数据生态系统
1.5 起源故事
1.5.1 LinkedIn的问题
1.5.2 Kafka的诞生
1.5.3 走向开源
1.5.4 命名
1.6 开始Kafka之旅
第2章 安装Kafka
2.1 要事先行
2.1.1 选择操作系统
2.1.2 安装Java
2.1.3 安装Zookeeper
2.2 安装Kafka Broker
2.3 broker配置
2.3.1 常规配置
2.3.2 主题的默认配置
2.4 硬件的选择
2.4.1 磁盘吞吐量
2.4.2 磁盘容量
2.4.3 内存
2.4.4 网络
2.4.5 CPU
2.5 云端的Kafka
2.6 Kafka集群
2.6.1 需要多少个broker
2.6.2 broker 配置
2.6.3 操作系统调优
2.7 生产环境的注意事项
2.7.1 垃圾回收器选项
2.7.2 数据中心布局
2.7.3 共享Zookeeper
2.8 总结
第3章 Kafka生产者——向Kafka写入数据
3.1 生产者概览
3.2 创建Kafka生产者
3.3 发送消息到Kafka
3.3.1 同步发送消息
3.3.2 异步发送消息
3.4 生产者的配置
3.5 序列化器
3.5.1 自定义序列化器
3.5.2 使用Avro序列化
3.5.3 在Kafka里使用Avro
3.6 分区
3.7 旧版的生产者API
3.8 总结
第4章 Kafka消费者——从Kafka读取数据
4.1 KafkaConsumer概念
4.1.1 消费者和消费者群组
4.1.2 消费者群组和分区再均衡
4.2 创建Kafka消费者
4.3 订阅主题
4.4 轮询
4.5 消费者的配置
4.6 提交和偏移量
4.6.1 自动提交
4.6.2 提交当前偏移量
4.6.3 异步提交
4.6.4 同步和异步组合提交
4.6.5 提交特定的偏移量
4.7 再均衡监听器
4.8 从特定偏移量处开始处理记录
4.9 如何退出
4.10 反序列化器
4.11 独立消费者——为什么以及怎样使用没有群组的消费者
4.12 旧版的消费者API
4.13 总结
第5章 深入Kafka
5.1 集群成员关系
5.2 控制器
5.3 复制
5.4 处理请求
5.4.1 生产请求
5.4.2 获取请求
5.4.3 其他请求
5.5 物理存储
5.5.1 分区分配
5.5.2 文件管理
5.5.3 文件格式
5.5.4 索引
5.5.5 清理
5.5.6 清理的工作原理
5.5.7 被删除的事件
5.5.8 何时会清理主题
5.9 总结
第6章 可靠的数据传递
6.1 可靠性保证
6.2 复制
6.3 broker配置
6.3.1 复制系数
6.3.2 不完全的首领选举
6.3.3 最少同步副本
6.4 在可靠的系统里使用生产者
6.4.1 发送确认
6.4.2 配置生产者的重试参数
6.4.3 额外的错误处理
6.5 在可靠的系统里使用消费者
6.5.1 消费者的可靠性配置
6.5.2 显式提交偏移量
6.6 验证系统可靠性
6.6.1 配置验证
6.6.2 应用程序验证
6.6.3 在生产环境监控可靠性
6.7 总结
第7章 构建数据管道
7.1 构建数据管道时需要考虑的问题
7.1.1 及时性
7.1.2 可靠性
7.1.3 高吞吐量和动态吞吐量
7.1.4 数据格式
7.1.5 转换
7.1.6 安全性
7.1.7 故障处理能力
7.1.8 耦合性和灵活性
7.2 如何在Connect API和客户端API之间作出选择
7.3 Kafka Connect
7.3.1 运行Connect
7.3.2 连接器示例——文件数据源和文件数据池
7.3.3 连接器示例——从MySQL到ElasticSearch
7.3.4 深入理解Connect
7.4 Connect之外的选择
7.4.1 用于其他数据存储的摄入框架
7.4.2 基于图形界面的ETL工具
7.4.3 流式处理框架
7.5 总结
第8章 跨集群数据镜像
8.1 跨集群镜像的使用场景
8.2 多集群架构
8.2.1 跨数据中心通信的一些现实情况
8.2.2 Hub和Spoke架构
8.2.3 双活架构
8.2.4 主备架构
8.2.5 延展集群
8.3 Kafka的MirrorMaker
8.3.1 如何配置
8.3.2 在生产环境部署MirrorMaker
8.3.3 MirrorMaker调优
8.4 其他跨集群镜像方案
8.4.1 优步的uReplicator
8.4.2 Confluent的Replicator
8.5 总结
第9章 管理Kafka
9.1 主题操作
9.1.1 创建主题
9.1.2 增加分区
9.1.3 删除主题
9.1.4 列出集群里的所有主题
9.1.5 列出主题详细信息
9.2 消费者群组
9.2.1 列出并描述群组
9.2.2 删除群组
9.2.3 偏移量管理
9.3 动态配置变更
9.3.1 覆盖主题的默认配置
9.3.2 覆盖客户端的默认配置
9.3.3 列出被覆盖的配置
9.3.4 移除被覆盖的配置
9.4 分区管理
9.4.1 首选的首领选举
9.4.2 修改分区副本
9.4.3 修改复制系数
9.4.4 转储日志片段
9.4.5 副本验证
9.5 消费和生产
9.5.1 控制台消费者
9.5.2 控制台生产者
9.6 客户端ACL
9.7 不安全的操作
9.7.1 移动集群控制器
9.7.2 取消分区重分配
9.7.3 移除待删除的主题
9.7.4 手动删除主题
9.8 总结
第10章 监控Kafka
10.1 度量指标基础
10.1.1 度量指标在哪里
10.1.2 内部或外部度量
10.1.3 应用程序健康检测
10.1.4 度量指标的覆盖面
10.2 broker的度量指标
10.2.1 非同步分区
10.2.2 broker度量指标
10.2.3 主题和分区的度量指标
10.2.4 Java虚拟机监控
10.2.5 操作系统监控
10.2.6 日志
10.3 客户端监控
10.3.1 生产者度量指标
10.3.2 消费者度量指标
10.3.3 配额
10.4 延时监控
10.5 端到端监控
10.6 总结
第11章 流式处理
11.1 什么是流式处理
11.2 流式处理的一些概念
11.2.1 时间
11.2.2 状态
11.2.3 流和表的二元性
11.2.4 时间窗口
11.3 流式处理的设计模式
11.3.1 单个事件处理
11.3.2 使用本地状态
11.3.3 多阶段处理和重分区
11.3.4 使用外部查找——流和表的连接
11.3.5 流与流的连接
11.3.6 乱序的事件
11.3.7 重新处理
11.4 Streams示例
11.4.1 字数统计
11.4.2 股票市场统计
11.4.3 填充点击事件流
11.5 Kafka Streams的架构概览
11.5.1 构建拓扑
11.5.2 对拓扑进行伸缩
11.5.3 从故障中存活下来
11.6 流式处理使用场景
11.7 如何选择流式处理框架
11.8 总结
附录A 在其他操作系统上安装Kafka
作者介绍
封面介绍
封底
ASM4使用指南
class文件的字节码结构
Docker中文手册
简介
01-Docker简介
02-Docker安装
03-配置镜像加速器
04-镜像常用命令
05-容器常用命令
06-实战：修改Nginx首页
07-Dockerfile指令详解
08-实战：使用Dockerfile修改Nginx首页
09-实战：巩固-阅读常用软件的Dockerfile
10-使用Docker Hub管理镜像
11-使用Docker Registry管理Docker镜像
12-使用Nexus管理Docker镜像
13-Docker可视化管理工具
14-Docker数据持久化
15-端口映射
16-遗留网络
17-Docker网络
18-network命令
19-默认bridge网络中配置DNS
20-用户定义网络中的内嵌DNS服务器
21-Docker Compose简介
22-安装Docker Compose
23-Docker Compose快速入门
24-docker-compose.yml常用命令
25-docker-compose常用命令
26-Docker Compose网络设置
27-实战：使用Docker Compose编排WordPress博客
28-控制服务启动顺序
29-在生产环境中使用Docker Compose
30-实战：使用Docker Compose运行ELK
31-使用Docker Compose伸缩应用
jls8-图灵课堂
The Java® Language Specification
Table of Contents
Preface to the Java SE 8 Edition
1. Introduction
1.1. Organization of the Specification
1.2. Example Programs
1.3. Notation
1.4. Relationship to Predefined Classes and Interfaces
1.5. Feedback
1.6. References
Bibliography
2. Grammars
2.1. Context-Free Grammars
2.2. The Lexical Grammar
2.3. The Syntactic Grammar
2.4. Grammar Notation
3. Lexical Structure
3.1. Unicode
3.2. Lexical Translations
3.3. Unicode Escapes
3.4. Line Terminators
3.5. Input Elements and Tokens
3.6. White Space
3.7. Comments
3.8. Identifiers
3.9. Keywords
3.10. Literals
3.10.1. Integer Literals
3.10.2. Floating-Point Literals
3.10.3. Boolean Literals
3.10.4. Character Literals
3.10.5. String Literals
3.10.6. Escape Sequences for Character and String Literals
3.10.7. The Null Literal
3.11. Separators
3.12. Operators
4. Types, Values, and Variables
4.1. The Kinds of Types and Values
4.2. Primitive Types and Values
4.2.1. Integral Types and Values
4.2.2. Integer Operations
4.2.3. Floating-Point Types, Formats, and Values
4.2.4. Floating-Point Operations
4.2.5. The boolean Type and boolean Values
4.3. Reference Types and Values
4.3.1. Objects
4.3.2. The Class Object
4.3.3. The Class String
4.3.4. When Reference Types Are the Same
4.4. Type Variables
4.5. Parameterized Types
4.5.1. Type Arguments of Parameterized Types
4.5.2. Members and Constructors of Parameterized Types
4.6. Type Erasure
4.7. Reifiable Types
4.8. Raw Types
4.9. Intersection Types
4.10. Subtyping
4.10.1. Subtyping among Primitive Types
4.10.2. Subtyping among Class and Interface Types
4.10.3. Subtyping among Array Types
4.10.4. Least Upper Bound
4.11. Where Types Are Used
4.12. Variables
4.12.1. Variables of Primitive Type
4.12.2. Variables of Reference Type
4.12.3. Kinds of Variables
4.12.4. final Variables
4.12.5. Initial Values of Variables
4.12.6. Types, Classes, and Interfaces
5. Conversions and Contexts
5.1. Kinds of Conversion
5.1.1. Identity Conversion
5.1.2. Widening Primitive Conversion
5.1.3. Narrowing Primitive Conversion
5.1.4. Widening and Narrowing Primitive Conversion
5.1.5. Widening Reference Conversion
5.1.6. Narrowing Reference Conversion
5.1.7. Boxing Conversion
5.1.8. Unboxing Conversion
5.1.9. Unchecked Conversion
5.1.10. Capture Conversion
5.1.11. String Conversion
5.1.12. Forbidden Conversions
5.1.13. Value Set Conversion
5.2. Assignment Contexts
5.3. Invocation Contexts
5.4. String Contexts
5.5. Casting Contexts
5.5.1. Reference Type Casting
5.5.2. Checked Casts and Unchecked Casts
5.5.3. Checked Casts at Run Time
5.6. Numeric Contexts
5.6.1. Unary Numeric Promotion
5.6.2. Binary Numeric Promotion
6. Names
6.1. Declarations
6.2. Names and Identifiers
6.3. Scope of a Declaration
6.4. Shadowing and Obscuring
6.4.1. Shadowing
6.4.2. Obscuring
6.5. Determining the Meaning of a Name
6.5.1. Syntactic Classification of a Name According to Context
6.5.2. Reclassification of Contextually Ambiguous Names
6.5.3. Meaning of Package Names
6.5.3.1. Simple Package Names
6.5.3.2. Qualified Package Names
6.5.4. Meaning of PackageOrTypeNames
6.5.4.1. Simple PackageOrTypeNames
6.5.4.2. Qualified PackageOrTypeNames
6.5.5. Meaning of Type Names
6.5.5.1. Simple Type Names
6.5.5.2. Qualified Type Names
6.5.6. Meaning of Expression Names
6.5.6.1. Simple Expression Names
6.5.6.2. Qualified Expression Names
6.5.7. Meaning of Method Names
6.5.7.1. Simple Method Names
6.6. Access Control
6.6.1. Determining Accessibility
6.6.2. Details on protected Access
6.6.2.1. Access to a protected Member
6.6.2.2. Qualified Access to a protected Constructor
6.7. Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
7. Packages
7.1. Package Members
7.2. Host Support for Packages
7.3. Compilation Units
7.4. Package Declarations
7.4.1. Named Packages
7.4.2. Unnamed Packages
7.4.3. Observability of a Package
7.5. Import Declarations
7.5.1. Single-Type-Import Declarations
7.5.2. Type-Import-on-Demand Declarations
7.5.3. Single-Static-Import Declarations
7.5.4. Static-Import-on-Demand Declarations
7.6. Top Level Type Declarations
8. Classes
8.1. Class Declarations
8.1.1. Class Modifiers
8.1.1.1. abstract Classes
8.1.1.2. final Classes
8.1.1.3. strictfp Classes
8.1.2. Generic Classes and Type Parameters
8.1.3. Inner Classes and Enclosing Instances
8.1.4. Superclasses and Subclasses
8.1.5. Superinterfaces
8.1.6. Class Body and Member Declarations
8.2. Class Members
8.3. Field Declarations
8.3.1. Field Modifiers
8.3.1.1. static Fields
8.3.1.2. final Fields
8.3.1.3. transient Fields
8.3.1.4. volatile Fields
8.3.2. Field Initialization
8.3.3. Forward References During Field Initialization
8.4. Method Declarations
8.4.1. Formal Parameters
8.4.2. Method Signature
8.4.3. Method Modifiers
8.4.3.1. abstract Methods
8.4.3.2. static Methods
8.4.3.3. final Methods
8.4.3.4. native Methods
8.4.3.5. strictfp Methods
8.4.3.6. synchronized Methods
8.4.4. Generic Methods
8.4.5. Method Result
8.4.6. Method Throws
8.4.7. Method Body
8.4.8. Inheritance, Overriding, and Hiding
8.4.8.1. Overriding (by Instance Methods)
8.4.8.2. Hiding (by Class Methods)
8.4.8.3. Requirements in Overriding and Hiding
8.4.8.4. Inheriting Methods with Override-Equivalent Signatures
8.4.9. Overloading
8.5. Member Type Declarations
8.5.1. Static Member Type Declarations
8.6. Instance Initializers
8.7. Static Initializers
8.8. Constructor Declarations
8.8.1. Formal Parameters
8.8.2. Constructor Signature
8.8.3. Constructor Modifiers
8.8.4. Generic Constructors
8.8.5. Constructor Throws
8.8.6. The Type of a Constructor
8.8.7. Constructor Body
8.8.7.1. Explicit Constructor Invocations
8.8.8. Constructor Overloading
8.8.9. Default Constructor
8.8.10. Preventing Instantiation of a Class
8.9. Enum Types
8.9.1. Enum Constants
8.9.2. Enum Body Declarations
8.9.3. Enum Members
9. Interfaces
9.1. Interface Declarations
9.1.1. Interface Modifiers
9.1.1.1. abstract Interfaces
9.1.1.2. strictfp Interfaces
9.1.2. Generic Interfaces and Type Parameters
9.1.3. Superinterfaces and Subinterfaces
9.1.4. Interface Body and Member Declarations
9.2. Interface Members
9.3. Field (Constant) Declarations
9.3.1. Initialization of Fields in Interfaces
9.4. Method Declarations
9.4.1. Inheritance and Overriding
9.4.1.1. Overriding (by Instance Methods)
9.4.1.2. Requirements in Overriding
9.4.1.3. Inheriting Methods with Override-Equivalent Signatures
9.4.2. Overloading
9.4.3. Interface Method Body
9.5. Member Type Declarations
9.6. Annotation Types
9.6.1. Annotation Type Elements
9.6.2. Defaults for Annotation Type Elements
9.6.3. Repeatable Annotation Types
9.6.4. Predefined Annotation Types
9.6.4.1. @Target
9.6.4.2. @Retention
9.6.4.3. @Inherited
9.6.4.4. @Override
9.6.4.5. @SuppressWarnings
9.6.4.6. @Deprecated
9.6.4.7. @SafeVarargs
9.6.4.8. @Repeatable
9.6.4.9. @FunctionalInterface
9.7. Annotations
9.7.1. Normal Annotations
9.7.2. Marker Annotations
9.7.3. Single-Element Annotations
9.7.4. Where Annotations May Appear
9.7.5. Multiple Annotations of the Same Type
9.8. Functional Interfaces
9.9. Function Types
10. Arrays
10.1. Array Types
10.2. Array Variables
10.3. Array Creation
10.4. Array Access
10.5. Array Store Exception
10.6. Array Initializers
10.7. Array Members
10.8. Class Objects for Arrays
10.9. An Array of Characters Is Not a String
11. Exceptions
11.1. The Kinds and Causes of Exceptions
11.1.1. The Kinds of Exceptions
11.1.2. The Causes of Exceptions
11.1.3. Asynchronous Exceptions
11.2. Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
11.2.1. Exception Analysis of Expressions
11.2.2. Exception Analysis of Statements
11.2.3. Exception Checking
11.3. Run-Time Handling of an Exception
12. Execution
12.1. Java Virtual Machine Startup
12.1.1. Load the Class Test
12.1.2. Link Test: Verify, Prepare, (Optionally) Resolve
12.1.3. Initialize Test: Execute Initializers
12.1.4. Invoke Test.main
12.2. Loading of Classes and Interfaces
12.2.1. The Loading Process
12.3. Linking of Classes and Interfaces
12.3.1. Verification of the Binary Representation
12.3.2. Preparation of a Class or Interface Type
12.3.3. Resolution of Symbolic References
12.4. Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
12.4.1. When Initialization Occurs
12.4.2. Detailed Initialization Procedure
12.5. Creation of New Class Instances
12.6. Finalization of Class Instances
12.6.1. Implementing Finalization
12.6.2. Interaction with the Memory Model
12.7. Unloading of Classes and Interfaces
12.8. Program Exit
13. Binary Compatibility
13.1. The Form of a Binary
13.2. What Binary Compatibility Is and Is Not
13.3. Evolution of Packages
13.4. Evolution of Classes
13.4.1. abstract Classes
13.4.2. final Classes
13.4.3. public Classes
13.4.4. Superclasses and Superinterfaces
13.4.5. Class Type Parameters
13.4.6. Class Body and Member Declarations
13.4.7. Access to Members and Constructors
13.4.8. Field Declarations
13.4.9. final Fields and static Constant Variables
13.4.10. static Fields
13.4.11. transient Fields
13.4.12. Method and Constructor Declarations
13.4.13. Method and Constructor Type Parameters
13.4.14. Method and Constructor Formal Parameters
13.4.15. Method Result Type
13.4.16. abstract Methods
13.4.17. final Methods
13.4.18. native Methods
13.4.19. static Methods
13.4.20. synchronized Methods
13.4.21. Method and Constructor Throws
13.4.22. Method and Constructor Body
13.4.23. Method and Constructor Overloading
13.4.24. Method Overriding
13.4.25. Static Initializers
13.4.26. Evolution of Enums
13.5. Evolution of Interfaces
13.5.1. public Interfaces
13.5.2. Superinterfaces
13.5.3. Interface Members
13.5.4. Interface Type Parameters
13.5.5. Field Declarations
13.5.6. Interface Method Declarations
13.5.7. Evolution of Annotation Types
14. Blocks and Statements
14.1. Normal and Abrupt Completion of Statements
14.2. Blocks
14.3. Local Class Declarations
14.4. Local Variable Declaration Statements
14.4.1. Local Variable Declarators and Types
14.4.2. Execution of Local Variable Declarations
14.5. Statements
14.6. The Empty Statement
14.7. Labeled Statements
14.8. Expression Statements
14.9. The if Statement
14.9.1. The if-then Statement
14.9.2. The if-then-else Statement
14.10. The assert Statement
14.11. The switch Statement
14.12. The while Statement
14.12.1. Abrupt Completion of while Statement
14.13. The do Statement
14.13.1. Abrupt Completion of do Statement
14.14. The for Statement
14.14.1. The basic for Statement
14.14.1.1. Initialization of for Statement
14.14.1.2. Iteration of for Statement
14.14.1.3. Abrupt Completion of for Statement
14.14.2. The enhanced for statement
14.15. The break Statement
14.16. The continue Statement
14.17. The return Statement
14.18. The throw Statement
14.19. The synchronized Statement
14.20. The try statement
14.20.1. Execution of try-catch
14.20.2. Execution of try-finally and try-catch-finally
14.20.3. try-with-resources
14.20.3.1. Basic try-with-resources
14.20.3.2. Extended try-with-resources
14.21. Unreachable Statements
15. Expressions
15.1. Evaluation, Denotation, and Result
15.2. Forms of Expressions
15.3. Type of an Expression
15.4. FP-strict Expressions
15.5. Expressions and Run-Time Checks
15.6. Normal and Abrupt Completion of Evaluation
15.7. Evaluation Order
15.7.1. Evaluate Left-Hand Operand First
15.7.2. Evaluate Operands before Operation
15.7.3. Evaluation Respects Parentheses and Precedence
15.7.4. Argument Lists are Evaluated Left-to-Right
15.7.5. Evaluation Order for Other Expressions
15.8. Primary Expressions
15.8.1. Lexical Literals
15.8.2. Class Literals
15.8.3. this
15.8.4. Qualified this
15.8.5. Parenthesized Expressions
15.9. Class Instance Creation Expressions
15.9.1. Determining the Class being Instantiated
15.9.2. Determining Enclosing Instances
15.9.3. Choosing the Constructor and its Arguments
15.9.4. Run-Time Evaluation of Class Instance Creation Expressions
15.9.5. Anonymous Class Declarations
15.9.5.1. Anonymous Constructors
15.10. Array Creation and Access Expressions
15.10.1. Array Creation Expressions
15.10.2. Run-Time Evaluation of Array Creation Expressions
15.10.3. Array Access Expressions
15.10.4. Run-Time Evaluation of Array Access Expressions
15.11. Field Access Expressions
15.11.1. Field Access Using a Primary
15.11.2. Accessing Superclass Members using super
15.12. Method Invocation Expressions
15.12.1. Compile-Time Step 1: Determine Class or Interface to Search
15.12.2. Compile-Time Step 2: Determine Method Signature
15.12.2.1. Identify Potentially Applicable Methods
15.12.2.2. Phase 1: Identify Matching Arity Methods Applicable by Strict Invocation
15.12.2.3. Phase 2: Identify Matching Arity Methods Applicable by Loose Invocation
15.12.2.4. Phase 3: Identify Methods Applicable by Variable Arity Invocation
15.12.2.5. Choosing the Most Specific Method
15.12.2.6. Method Invocation Type
15.12.3. Compile-Time Step 3: Is the Chosen Method Appropriate?
15.12.4. Run-Time Evaluation of Method Invocation
15.12.4.1. Compute Target Reference (If Necessary)
15.12.4.2. Evaluate Arguments
15.12.4.3. Check Accessibility of Type and Method
15.12.4.4. Locate Method to Invoke
15.12.4.5. Create Frame, Synchronize, Transfer Control
15.13. Method Reference Expressions
15.13.1. Compile-Time Declaration of a Method Reference
15.13.2. Type of a Method Reference
15.13.3. Run-Time Evaluation of Method References
15.14. Postfix Expressions
15.14.1. Expression Names
15.14.2. Postfix Increment Operator ++
15.14.3. Postfix Decrement Operator --
15.15. Unary Operators
15.15.1. Prefix Increment Operator ++
15.15.2. Prefix Decrement Operator --
15.15.3. Unary Plus Operator +
15.15.4. Unary Minus Operator -
15.15.5. Bitwise Complement Operator ~
15.15.6. Logical Complement Operator !
15.16. Cast Expressions
15.17. Multiplicative Operators
15.17.1. Multiplication Operator *
15.17.2. Division Operator /
15.17.3. Remainder Operator %
15.18. Additive Operators
15.18.1. String Concatenation Operator +
15.18.2. Additive Operators (+ and -) for Numeric Types
15.19. Shift Operators
15.20. Relational Operators
15.20.1. Numerical Comparison Operators <, <=, >, and >=
15.20.2. Type Comparison Operator instanceof
15.21. Equality Operators
15.21.1. Numerical Equality Operators == and !=
15.21.2. Boolean Equality Operators == and !=
15.21.3. Reference Equality Operators == and !=
15.22. Bitwise and Logical Operators
15.22.1. Integer Bitwise Operators &, ^, and |
15.22.2. Boolean Logical Operators &, ^, and |
15.23. Conditional-And Operator &&
15.24. Conditional-Or Operator ||
15.25. Conditional Operator ? :
15.25.1. Boolean Conditional Expressions
15.25.2. Numeric Conditional Expressions
15.25.3. Reference Conditional Expressions
15.26. Assignment Operators
15.26.1. Simple Assignment Operator =
15.26.2. Compound Assignment Operators
15.27. Lambda Expressions
15.27.1. Lambda Parameters
15.27.2. Lambda Body
15.27.3. Type of a Lambda Expression
15.27.4. Run-Time Evaluation of Lambda Expressions
15.28. Constant Expressions
16. Definite Assignment
16.1. Definite Assignment and Expressions
16.1.1. Boolean Constant Expressions
16.1.2. Conditional-And Operator &&
16.1.3. Conditional-Or Operator ||
16.1.4. Logical Complement Operator !
16.1.5. Conditional Operator ? :
16.1.6. Conditional Operator ? :
16.1.7. Other Expressions of Type boolean
16.1.8. Assignment Expressions
16.1.9. Operators ++ and --
16.1.10. Other Expressions
16.2. Definite Assignment and Statements
16.2.1. Empty Statements
16.2.2. Blocks
16.2.3. Local Class Declaration Statements
16.2.4. Local Variable Declaration Statements
16.2.5. Labeled Statements
16.2.6. Expression Statements
16.2.7. if Statements
16.2.8. assert Statements
16.2.9. switch Statements
16.2.10. while Statements
16.2.11. do Statements
16.2.12. for Statements
16.2.12.1. Initialization Part of for Statement
16.2.12.2. Incrementation Part of for Statement
16.2.13. break, continue, return, and throw Statements
16.2.14. synchronized Statements
16.2.15. try Statements
16.3. Definite Assignment and Parameters
16.4. Definite Assignment and Array Initializers
16.5. Definite Assignment and Enum Constants
16.6. Definite Assignment and Anonymous Classes
16.7. Definite Assignment and Member Types
16.8. Definite Assignment and Static Initializers
16.9. Definite Assignment, Constructors, and Instance Initializers
17. Threads and Locks
17.1. Synchronization
17.2. Wait Sets and Notification
17.2.1. Wait
17.2.2. Notification
17.2.3. Interruptions
17.2.4. Interactions of Waits, Notification, and Interruption
17.3. Sleep and Yield
17.4. Memory Model
17.4.1. Shared Variables
17.4.2. Actions
17.4.3. Programs and Program Order
17.4.4. Synchronization Order
17.4.5. Happens-before Order
17.4.6. Executions
17.4.7. Well-Formed Executions
17.4.8. Executions and Causality Requirements
17.4.9. Observable Behavior and Nonterminating Executions
17.5. final Field Semantics
17.5.1. Semantics of final Fields
17.5.2. Reading final Fields During Construction
17.5.3. Subsequent Modification of final Fields
17.5.4. Write-Protected Fields
17.6. Word Tearing
17.7. Non-Atomic Treatment of double and long
18. Type Inference
18.1. Concepts and Notation
18.1.1. Inference Variables
18.1.2. Constraint Formulas
18.1.3. Bounds
18.2. Reduction
18.2.1. Expression Compatibility Constraints
18.2.2. Type Compatibility Constraints
18.2.3. Subtyping Constraints
18.2.4. Type Equality Constraints
18.2.5. Checked Exception Constraints
18.3. Incorporation
18.3.1. Complementary Pairs of Bounds
18.3.2. Bounds Involving Capture Conversion
18.4. Resolution
18.5. Uses of Inference
18.5.1. Invocation Applicability Inference
18.5.2. Invocation Type Inference
18.5.3. Functional Interface Parameterization Inference
18.5.4. More Specific Method Inference
19. Syntax
Index
A. Limited License Grant
jvms8-图灵课堂
The Java® Virtual Machine Specification
Table of Contents
Preface to the Java SE 8 Edition
1. Introduction
1.1. A Bit of History
1.2. The Java Virtual Machine
1.3. Organization of the Specification
1.4. Notation
1.5. Feedback
2. The Structure of the Java Virtual Machine
2.1. The class File Format
2.2. Data Types
2.3. Primitive Types and Values
2.3.1. Integral Types and Values
2.3.2. Floating-Point Types, Value Sets, and Values
2.3.3. The returnAddress Type and Values
2.3.4. The boolean Type
2.4. Reference Types and Values
2.5. Run-Time Data Areas
2.5.1. The pc Register
2.5.2. Java Virtual Machine Stacks
2.5.3. Heap
2.5.4. Method Area
2.5.5. Run-Time Constant Pool
2.5.6. Native Method Stacks
2.6. Frames
2.6.1. Local Variables
2.6.2. Operand Stacks
2.6.3. Dynamic Linking
2.6.4. Normal Method Invocation Completion
2.6.5. Abrupt Method Invocation Completion
2.7. Representation of Objects
2.8. Floating-Point Arithmetic
2.8.1. Java Virtual Machine Floating-Point Arithmetic and IEEE 754
2.8.2. Floating-Point Modes
2.8.3. Value Set Conversion
2.9. Special Methods
2.10. Exceptions
2.11. Instruction Set Summary
2.11.1. Types and the Java Virtual Machine
2.11.2. Load and Store Instructions
2.11.3. Arithmetic Instructions
2.11.4. Type Conversion Instructions
2.11.5. Object Creation and Manipulation
2.11.6. Operand Stack Management Instructions
2.11.7. Control Transfer Instructions
2.11.8. Method Invocation and Return Instructions
2.11.9. Throwing Exceptions
2.11.10. Synchronization
2.12. Class Libraries
2.13. Public Design, Private Implementation
3. Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine
3.1. Format of Examples
3.2. Use of Constants, Local Variables, and Control Constructs
3.3. Arithmetic
3.4. Accessing the Run-Time Constant Pool
3.5. More Control Examples
3.6. Receiving Arguments
3.7. Invoking Methods
3.8. Working with Class Instances
3.9. Arrays
3.10. Compiling Switches
3.11. Operations on the Operand Stack
3.12. Throwing and Handling Exceptions
3.13. Compiling finally
3.14. Synchronization
3.15. Annotations
4. The class File Format
4.1. The ClassFile Structure
4.2. The Internal Form of Names
4.2.1. Binary Class and Interface Names
4.2.2. Unqualified Names
4.3. Descriptors
4.3.1. Grammar Notation
4.3.2. Field Descriptors
4.3.3. Method Descriptors
4.4. The Constant Pool
4.4.1. The CONSTANT_Class_info Structure
4.4.2. The CONSTANT_Fieldref_info, CONSTANT_Methodref_info, and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info Structures
4.4.3. The CONSTANT_String_info Structure
4.4.4. The CONSTANT_Integer_info and CONSTANT_Float_info Structures
4.4.5. The CONSTANT_Long_info and CONSTANT_Double_info Structures
4.4.6. The CONSTANT_NameAndType_info Structure
4.4.7. The CONSTANT_Utf8_info Structure
4.4.8. The CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info Structure
4.4.9. The CONSTANT_MethodType_info Structure
4.4.10. The CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info Structure
4.5. Fields
4.6. Methods
4.7. Attributes
4.7.1. Defining and Naming New Attributes
4.7.2. The ConstantValue Attribute
4.7.3. The Code Attribute
4.7.4. The StackMapTable Attribute
4.7.5. The Exceptions Attribute
4.7.6. The InnerClasses Attribute
4.7.7. The EnclosingMethod Attribute
4.7.8. The Synthetic Attribute
4.7.9. The Signature Attribute
4.7.9.1. Signatures
4.7.10. The SourceFile Attribute
4.7.11. The SourceDebugExtension Attribute
4.7.12. The LineNumberTable Attribute
4.7.13. The LocalVariableTable Attribute
4.7.14. The LocalVariableTypeTable Attribute
4.7.15. The Deprecated Attribute
4.7.16. The RuntimeVisibleAnnotations Attribute
4.7.16.1. The element_value structure
4.7.17. The RuntimeInvisibleAnnotations Attribute
4.7.18. The RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
4.7.19. The RuntimeInvisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
4.7.20. The RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute
4.7.20.1. The target_info union
4.7.20.2. The type_path structure
4.7.21. The RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute
4.7.22. The AnnotationDefault Attribute
4.7.23. The BootstrapMethods Attribute
4.7.24. The MethodParameters Attribute
4.8. Format Checking
4.9. Constraints on Java Virtual Machine Code
4.9.1. Static Constraints
4.9.2. Structural Constraints
4.10. Verification of class Files
4.10.1. Verification by Type Checking
4.10.1.1. Accessors for Java Virtual Machine Artifacts
4.10.1.2. Verification Type System
4.10.1.3. Instruction Representation
4.10.1.4. Stack Map Frame Representation
4.10.1.5. Type Checking Abstract and Native Methods
4.10.1.6. Type Checking Methods with Code
4.10.1.7. Type Checking Load and Store Instructions
4.10.1.8. Type Checking for protected Members
4.10.1.9. Type Checking Instructions
aaload
aastore
aconst_null
aload, aload_<n>
anewarray
areturn
arraylength
astore, astore_<n>
athrow
baload
bastore
bipush
caload
castore
checkcast
d2f, d2i, d2l
dadd
daload
dastore
dcmp<op>
dconst_<d>
ddiv
dload, dload_<n>
dmul
dneg
drem
dreturn
dstore, dstore_<n>
dsub
dup
dup_x1
dup_x2
dup2
dup2_x1
dup2_x2
f2d, f2i, f2l
fadd
faload
fastore
fcmp<op>
fconst_<f>
fdiv
fload, fload_<n>
fmul
fneg
frem
freturn
fstore, fstore_<n>
fsub
getfield
getstatic
goto, goto_w
i2b, i2c, i2d, i2f, i2l, i2s
iadd
iaload
iand
iastore
if_acmp<cond>
if_icmp<cond>
if<cond>
ifnonnull
ifnull
iinc
iload, iload_<n>
imul
ineg
instanceof
invokedynamic
invokeinterface
invokespecial
invokestatic
invokevirtual
ior
irem
ireturn
ishl, ishr, iushr
istore, istore_<n>
isub
ixor
l2d, l2f, l2i
ladd
laload
land
lastore
lcmp
lconst_<l>
ldc, ldc_w, ldc2_w
ldiv
lload, lload_<n>
lmul
lneg
lookupswitch
lor
lrem
lreturn
lshl, lshr, lushr
lstore, lstore_<n>
lsub
lxor
monitorenter
monitorexit
multianewarray
new
newarray
nop
pop, pop2
putfield
putstatic
return
saload
sastore
sipush
swap
tableswitch
wide
4.10.2. Verification by Type Inference
4.10.2.1. The Process of Verification by Type Inference
4.10.2.2. The Bytecode Verifier
4.10.2.3. Values of Types long and double
4.10.2.4. Instance Initialization Methods and Newly Created Objects
4.10.2.5. Exceptions and finally
4.11. Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine
5. Loading, Linking, and Initializing
5.1. The Run-Time Constant Pool
5.2. Java Virtual Machine Startup
5.3. Creation and Loading
5.3.1. Loading Using the Bootstrap Class Loader
5.3.2. Loading Using a User-defined Class Loader
5.3.3. Creating Array Classes
5.3.4. Loading Constraints
5.3.5. Deriving a Class from a class File Representation
5.4. Linking
5.4.1. Verification
5.4.2. Preparation
5.4.3. Resolution
5.4.3.1. Class and Interface Resolution
5.4.3.2. Field Resolution
5.4.3.3. Method Resolution
5.4.3.4. Interface Method Resolution
5.4.3.5. Method Type and Method Handle Resolution
5.4.3.6. Call Site Specifier Resolution
5.4.4. Access Control
5.4.5. Overriding
5.5. Initialization
5.6. Binding Native Method Implementations
5.7. Java Virtual Machine Exit
6. The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set
6.1. Assumptions: The Meaning of "Must"
6.2. Reserved Opcodes
6.3. Virtual Machine Errors
6.4. Format of Instruction Descriptions
mnemonic
6.5. Instructions
aaload
aastore
aconst_null
aload
aload_<n>
anewarray
areturn
arraylength
astore
astore_<n>
athrow
baload
bastore
bipush
caload
castore
checkcast
d2f
d2i
d2l
dadd
daload
dastore
dcmp<op>
dconst_<d>
ddiv
dload
dload_<n>
dmul
dneg
drem
dreturn
dstore
dstore_<n>
dsub
dup
dup_x1
dup_x2
dup2
dup2_x1
dup2_x2
f2d
f2i
f2l
fadd
faload
fastore
fcmp<op>
fconst_<f>
fdiv
fload
fload_<n>
fmul
fneg
frem
freturn
fstore
fstore_<n>
fsub
getfield
getstatic
goto
goto_w
i2b
i2c
i2d
i2f
i2l
i2s
iadd
iaload
iand
iastore
iconst_<i>
idiv
if_acmp<cond>
if_icmp<cond>
if<cond>
ifnonnull
ifnull
iinc
iload
iload_<n>
imul
ineg
instanceof
invokedynamic
invokeinterface
invokespecial
invokestatic
invokevirtual
ior
irem
ireturn
ishl
ishr
istore
istore_<n>
isub
iushr
ixor
jsr
jsr_w
l2d
l2f
l2i
ladd
laload
land
lastore
lcmp
lconst_<l>
ldc
ldc_w
ldc2_w
ldiv
lload
lload_<n>
lmul
lneg
lookupswitch
lor
lrem
lreturn
lshl
lshr
lstore
lstore_<n>
lsub
lushr
lxor
monitorenter
monitorexit
multianewarray
new
newarray
nop
pop
pop2
putfield
putstatic
ret
return
saload
sastore
sipush
swap
tableswitch
wide
7. Opcode Mnemonics by Opcode
Index
A. Limited License Grant
jvms11-图灵课堂
The Java® Virtual Machine Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. A Bit of History
1.2. The Java Virtual Machine
1.3. Organization of the Specification
1.4. Notation
1.5. Feedback
2. The Structure of the Java Virtual Machine
2.1. The class File Format
2.2. Data Types
2.3. Primitive Types and Values
2.3.1. Integral Types and Values
2.3.2. Floating-Point Types, Value Sets, and Values
2.3.3. The returnAddress Type and Values
2.3.4. The boolean Type
2.4. Reference Types and Values
2.5. Run-Time Data Areas
2.5.1. The pc Register
2.5.2. Java Virtual Machine Stacks
2.5.3. Heap
2.5.4. Method Area
2.5.5. Run-Time Constant Pool
2.5.6. Native Method Stacks
2.6. Frames
2.6.1. Local Variables
2.6.2. Operand Stacks
2.6.3. Dynamic Linking
2.6.4. Normal Method Invocation Completion
2.6.5. Abrupt Method Invocation Completion
2.7. Representation of Objects
2.8. Floating-Point Arithmetic
2.8.1. Java Virtual Machine Floating-Point Arithmetic and IEEE 754
2.8.2. Floating-Point Modes
2.8.3. Value Set Conversion
2.9. Special Methods
2.9.1. Instance Initialization Methods
2.9.2. Class Initialization Methods
2.9.3. Signature Polymorphic Methods
2.10. Exceptions
2.11. Instruction Set Summary
2.11.1. Types and the Java Virtual Machine
2.11.2. Load and Store Instructions
2.11.3. Arithmetic Instructions
2.11.4. Type Conversion Instructions
2.11.5. Object Creation and Manipulation
2.11.6. Operand Stack Management Instructions
2.11.7. Control Transfer Instructions
2.11.8. Method Invocation and Return Instructions
2.11.9. Throwing Exceptions
2.11.10. Synchronization
2.12. Class Libraries
2.13. Public Design, Private Implementation
3. Compiling for the Java Virtual Machine
3.1. Format of Examples
3.2. Use of Constants, Local Variables, and Control Constructs
3.3. Arithmetic
3.4. Accessing the Run-Time Constant Pool
3.5. More Control Examples
3.6. Receiving Arguments
3.7. Invoking Methods
3.8. Working with Class Instances
3.9. Arrays
3.10. Compiling Switches
3.11. Operations on the Operand Stack
3.12. Throwing and Handling Exceptions
3.13. Compiling finally
3.14. Synchronization
3.15. Annotations
3.16. Modules
4. The class File Format
4.1. The ClassFile Structure
4.2. Names
4.2.1. Binary Class and Interface Names
4.2.2. Unqualified Names
4.2.3. Module and Package Names
4.3. Descriptors
4.3.1. Grammar Notation
4.3.2. Field Descriptors
4.3.3. Method Descriptors
4.4. The Constant Pool
4.4.1. The CONSTANT_Class_info Structure
4.4.2. The CONSTANT_Fieldref_info, CONSTANT_Methodref_info, and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info Structures
4.4.3. The CONSTANT_String_info Structure
4.4.4. The CONSTANT_Integer_info and CONSTANT_Float_info Structures
4.4.5. The CONSTANT_Long_info and CONSTANT_Double_info Structures
4.4.6. The CONSTANT_NameAndType_info Structure
4.4.7. The CONSTANT_Utf8_info Structure
4.4.8. The CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info Structure
4.4.9. The CONSTANT_MethodType_info Structure
4.4.10. The CONSTANT_Dynamic_info and CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info Structures
4.4.11. The CONSTANT_Module_info Structure
4.4.12. The CONSTANT_Package_info Structure
4.5. Fields
4.6. Methods
4.7. Attributes
4.7.1. Defining and Naming New Attributes
4.7.2. The ConstantValue Attribute
4.7.3. The Code Attribute
4.7.4. The StackMapTable Attribute
4.7.5. The Exceptions Attribute
4.7.6. The InnerClasses Attribute
4.7.7. The EnclosingMethod Attribute
4.7.8. The Synthetic Attribute
4.7.9. The Signature Attribute
4.7.9.1. Signatures
4.7.10. The SourceFile Attribute
4.7.11. The SourceDebugExtension Attribute
4.7.12. The LineNumberTable Attribute
4.7.13. The LocalVariableTable Attribute
4.7.14. The LocalVariableTypeTable Attribute
4.7.15. The Deprecated Attribute
4.7.16. The RuntimeVisibleAnnotations Attribute
4.7.16.1. The element_value structure
4.7.17. The RuntimeInvisibleAnnotations Attribute
4.7.18. The RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
4.7.19. The RuntimeInvisibleParameterAnnotations Attribute
4.7.20. The RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute
4.7.20.1. The target_info union
4.7.20.2. The type_path structure
4.7.21. The RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations Attribute
4.7.22. The AnnotationDefault Attribute
4.7.23. The BootstrapMethods Attribute
4.7.24. The MethodParameters Attribute
4.7.25. The Module Attribute
4.7.26. The ModulePackages Attribute
4.7.27. The ModuleMainClass Attribute
4.7.28. The NestHost Attribute
4.7.29. The NestMembers Attribute
4.8. Format Checking
4.9. Constraints on Java Virtual Machine Code
4.9.1. Static Constraints
4.9.2. Structural Constraints
4.10. Verification of class Files
4.10.1. Verification by Type Checking
4.10.1.1. Accessors for Java Virtual Machine Artifacts
4.10.1.2. Verification Type System
4.10.1.3. Instruction Representation
4.10.1.4. Stack Map Frames and Type Transitions
4.10.1.5. Type Checking Abstract and Native Methods
4.10.1.6. Type Checking Methods with Code
4.10.1.7. Type Checking Load and Store Instructions
4.10.1.8. Type Checking for protected Members
4.10.1.9. Type Checking Instructions
aaload
aastore
aconst_null
aload, aload_<n>
anewarray
areturn
arraylength
astore, astore_<n>
athrow
baload
bastore
bipush
caload
castore
checkcast
d2f, d2i, d2l
dadd
daload
dastore
dcmp<op>
dconst_<d>
ddiv
dload, dload_<n>
dmul
dneg
drem
dreturn
dstore, dstore_<n>
dsub
dup
dup_x1
dup_x2
dup2
dup2_x1
dup2_x2
f2d, f2i, f2l
fadd
faload
fastore
fcmp<op>
fconst_<f>
fdiv
fload, fload_<n>
fmul
fneg
frem
freturn
fstore, fstore_<n>
fsub
getfield
getstatic
goto, goto_w
i2b, i2c, i2d, i2f, i2l, i2s
iadd
iaload
iand
iastore
iconst_<i>
idiv
if_acmp<cond>
if_icmp<cond>
if<cond>
ifnonnull, ifnull
iinc
iload, iload_<n>
imul
ineg
instanceof
invokedynamic
invokeinterface
invokespecial
invokestatic
invokevirtual
ior, irem
ireturn
ishl, ishr, iushr
istore, istore_<n>
isub, ixor
l2d, l2f, l2i
ladd
laload
land
lastore
lcmp
lconst_<l>
ldc, ldc_w, ldc2_w
ldiv
lload, lload_<n>
lmul
lneg
lookupswitch
lor, lrem
lreturn
lshl, lshr, lushr
lstore, lstore_<n>
lsub, lxor
monitorenter, monitorexit
multianewarray
new
newarray
nop
pop, pop2
putfield
putstatic
return
saload
sastore
sipush
swap
tableswitch
wide
4.10.2. Verification by Type Inference
4.10.2.1. The Process of Verification by Type Inference
4.10.2.2. The Bytecode Verifier
4.10.2.3. Values of Types long and double
4.10.2.4. Instance Initialization Methods and Newly Created Objects
4.10.2.5. Exceptions and finally
4.11. Limitations of the Java Virtual Machine
5. Loading, Linking, and Initializing
5.1. The Run-Time Constant Pool
5.2. Java Virtual Machine Startup
5.3. Creation and Loading
5.3.1. Loading Using the Bootstrap Class Loader
5.3.2. Loading Using a User-defined Class Loader
5.3.3. Creating Array Classes
5.3.4. Loading Constraints
5.3.5. Deriving a Class from a class File Representation
5.3.6. Modules and Layers
5.4. Linking
5.4.1. Verification
5.4.2. Preparation
5.4.3. Resolution
5.4.3.1. Class and Interface Resolution
5.4.3.2. Field Resolution
5.4.3.3. Method Resolution
5.4.3.4. Interface Method Resolution
5.4.3.5. Method Type and Method Handle Resolution
5.4.3.6. Dynamically-Computed Constant and Call Site Resolution
5.4.4. Access Control
5.4.5. Method Overriding
5.4.6. Method Selection
5.5. Initialization
5.6. Binding Native Method Implementations
5.7. Java Virtual Machine Exit
6. The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set
6.1. Assumptions: The Meaning of "Must"
6.2. Reserved Opcodes
6.3. Virtual Machine Errors
6.4. Format of Instruction Descriptions
mnemonic
6.5. Instructions
7. Opcode Mnemonics by Opcode
A. Limited License Grant
JVM调优工具命令详解-图灵课堂
JVM指令手册
并发内存模型与线程规范-图灵课堂
1 介绍
1.1 锁
1.2 示例中的表示法
2 未正确同步的程序会表现出出人意料的行为
3 非正式语义
3.1 顺序一致性（Sequential Consistency）
3.2 final字段
4 什么是内存模型
5 定义
6 Java内存模型的近似模型
6.1 顺序一致的内存模型
6.2 Happens-Before内存模型
6.3 因果关系
6.3.1 Happens-Before太弱了
6.3.2 难以捉摸的因果关系
6.3.3 分析因果关系的途径
7 Java内存模型的正式规范
7.1 动作与执行过程（Actions and Executions）
7.2 定义
7.3 良构的（ Well-Formed）执行过程
7.4 执行过程的因果（Causality）要求
7.5 可观察的行为与不会终止的执行过程
8 经典测试用例与行为
8.1 内存模型允许的怪异行为
8.2 内存模型禁止的行为
9 final字段的语义
9.1 final字段语义的目标与要求
9.1.1 final字段构建后再改变
9.2 final字段的正式语义
9.2.1 final字段安全上下文
9.2.2 替换 和/或 补充顺序约束（Replacement and/or Supplemental Ordering Constraints）
9.2.3 静态final字段
9.3 用于final字段的JVM规则
10 典型测试用例与final字段的行为
11 字分裂(Word Tearing)
12 double和long的非原子性处理
13 公平性
14 wait集与通知（Notification）
14.1 等待（Wait）
14.2 通知（Notification）
14.3 中断（Interruptions）
14.4 等待（Waits），通知（ Notification）以及中断（Interruption）间的相互影响
15 Sleep 与 Yield
16 终结操作（Finalization）
16.1 终结操作的实现
16.2 与内存模型的交互
彻底理解Java中的各种锁-图灵课堂
鸟哥的linux私房菜_基础学习篇[第三版]
基础学习篇快速索引
第0章、计算器概论
第1章、Linux是什么
第2章、Linux 如何学习
第3章、主机规划与磁盘分区
第4章、安装 CentOS 5.x 与多重引导小技巧
第5章、首次登入与在线求助 man page
第6章、Linux 的档案权限与目录配置
第7章、Linux 档案与目录管理
第8章、Linux 磁盘与文件系统管理
第9章、档案与文件系统的压缩与打包
第10章、vim 程序编辑器
第11章、认识与学习 BASH
第12章、正规表示法与文件格式化处理
第13章、学习 Shell Scripts
第14章、Linux 账号管理与 ACL 权限设定
第15章、磁盘配额(Quota)与进阶文件系统管理
第16章、例行性工作排程 (crontab)
第17章、程序管理与 SELinux 初探
第18章、认识系统服务 (daemons)
第19章、认识与分析登录档
第20章、开机流程、模块管理与 Loader
第21章、系统设定工具(网络与打印机)与硬件侦测
第22章、软件安装：原始码与 Tarball
第23章、软件安装： RPM, SRPM 与 YUM 功能
第24章、 X Window 设定介绍
第25章、 Linux 备份策略
第26章、Linux 核心编译与管理
一些基础的 Linux 问题
附录 A： GNU 的 GPL 条文 version 2
附录 B： EXT2 EXT3 文件系统
一个简单的 SPFdisk 分割实例
深入分析Java_Web技术内幕
实战Java高并发程序设计
封面
目录
第1章 走入并行世界
1.1 何去何从的并行计算
1.2 你必须知道的几个概念
1.3 并发级别
1.4 有关并行的两个重要定律
1.5 回到Java：JMM
第2章 Java并行程序基础
2.1 有关线程你必须知道的事
2.2 初始线程：线程的基本操作
2.3 volatile与Java内存模型（JMM）
2.4 分门别类的管理：线程组
2.5 驻守后台：守护线程（Daemon）
2.6 先干重要的事：线程优先级
2.7 线程安全的概念与synchronized
2.8 程序中的幽灵：隐蔽的错误
第3章 JDK并发包
3.1 多线程的团队协作：同步控制
3.2 线程复用：线程池
3.3 不要重复发明轮子：JDK的并发容器
第4章 锁的优化及注意事项
4.1 有助于提高“锁”性能的几点建议
4.2 Java虚拟机对锁优化所做的努力
4.3 人手一支笔：ThreadLocal
4.4 无锁
4.5 有关死锁的问题
第5章 并行模式与算法
5.1 探讨单例模式
5.2 不变模式
5.3 生产者-消费者模式
5.4 高性能的生产者-消费者：无锁的实现
5.5 Future模式
5.6 并行流水线
5.7 并行搜索
5.8 并行排序
5.9 并行算法：矩阵乘法
5.10 准备好了再通知我：网络NIO
5.11 读完了再通知我：AIO
第6章 Java 8与并发
6.1 Java 8的函数式编程简介
6.2 函数式编程基础
6.3 一步一步走入函数式编程
6.4 并行流与并行排序
6.5 增强的Future：CompletableFuture
6.6 读写锁的改进：StampedLock
6.7 原子类的增强
第7章 使用Akka构建高并发程序
7.1 新并发模型：Actor
7.2 Akka之Hello World
7.3 有关消息投递的一些说明
7.4 Actor的生命周期
7.5 监督策略
7.6 选择Actor
7.7 消息收件箱（Inbox）
7.8 消息路由
7.9 Actor的内置状态转换
7.10 询问模式：Actor中的Future
7.11 多个Actor同时修改数据：Agent
7.12 像数据库一样操作内存数据：软件事务内存
7.13 一个有趣的例子：并发粒子群的实现
第8章 并行程序调试
8.1 准备实验样本
8.2 正式起航
8.3 挂起整个虚拟机
8.4 调试进入ArrayList内部
封底
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